The reverse slope defense pursues offensive opportunities through surprise and deceptive actions. The IPB process indicates how the enemy will most likely use the available avenues of approach. The commander wants the enemy in this posture when he transitions to the offense. All units conduct aggressive security operations within their AO, including the rear area, to seek out and repel or kill enemy reconnaissance and other forces. The 13th Army consisted of 12 rifle divisions (RDs) organized into four rifle corps (RCs) supported by 700 guns, separate tank brigades, assault gun regiments, and antitank regiments. The defending force may bring surprise fires to bear on the enemy as he crests the high ground. The commander prepares plans, to include counterattack plans, and rehearses, assesses, and revises them as necessary. The commander must take steps to ensure their survivability, such as placing man-portable air defense missile gunners inside combat vehicles when not actively engaging enemy aircraft. Defense in Depth. The supported combat unit is resupplied using this push system until it issues instructions to the contrary. To contact ArmyStudyGuide, email us. At the same time CSS must be close enough to provide responsive support. Units implement operations security (OPSEC) measures and other defensive information operations to deny the enemy information about friendly dispositions. This requires them to ensure synchronizing objectives, control measures, movement routes, defensive positions, and specifically assigned tasks. 8-86. 8-165. The proper organization of the forward slope to provide observation across the entire front and security to the main battle positions. The commander specifies the degree of risk he is willing to accept and establishes priorities for his NBC defense units. It's FREE! Planning for retrograde operations begins with the preparation of plans for the follow-on mission and is driven by the commander's concept of operation and his intent. Countering enemy activities in the rear area, in particular enemy airborne or air assault forces. 8-79. 8-66. 8-2. He combines natural and manmade obstacles to canalize the attacking force into his engagement areas (EAs). Because they are generally fixed or semi-fixed sites with high-electronic signatures, they are susceptible to attack by enemy aircraft. The commander should position his reconnaissance and surveillance assets in observation posts (OPs) located near or forward of the topographical crest to provide long-range observation of both the enemy's flanks and front. Mutual support increases the strength of all defensive positions, prevents defeat in detail, and helps prevent infiltration between positions. Purposes of security patrols are to detect infiltration by the enemy, destroy infiltrators, and protect against surprise and ambush. By Brig. The battle concept for developing and employing the land component of the nation's defense must provide specifically for Army operations in the U.S. homeland, across multiple domains. Defense against airborne and air assault attacks. He may retain execution authority for some obstacles or restrict the use of some types of obstacles to allow other battlefield activities to occur. 8-95. When authorized, nuclear attacks support close and deep operations.These fires destroy or contaminate defensive positions and cause casualties. 8-107. 8-109. Tracks, spoil, and debris are the most common signs of military activity, which indicate concealed objects. 8-72. When possible, units conceal obstacles from hostile observation. The commander engages the enemy force with all available defensive fires when they enter the defending unit's EA. Alternate and supplementary positions, combat outposts, and mutually supporting strong points forward of the perimeter extend the depth. The 29th RC occupied the 13th Army's main defensive position in a sector 19 kilometers wide and 15 kilometers deep, with the 15th RC on its right, the 70th Army on its left, and the 17th Guards Rifle Corps (GRC) rearward in the army second echelon. An example of a reserve obstacle is a highway bridge over a major river. This allows artillery systems to provide fire support throughout the area of penetration. 1 The division fights. He aggressively seeks ways of attriting and weakening attacking enemy forces before the initiation of close combat. 071-430-0006 (SL4), Communicate Using Visual Signaling Techniques (Mounted), Battle Positions Selecting and fighting, Latest All units must be capable of mounting a defense with minimal preparation, but a strong defense takes time to organize and prepare. ), Figure 8-3. Highly functional with Microsoft Office, to include Word, Excel, PowerPoint, as well as Adobe Acrobat, and e-mail. Perimeters vary in shape depending on the terrain and situation. A commander integrates reinforcing obstacles with existing obstacles to improve the natural restrictive nature of the terrain to halt or slow enemy movement, canalize enemy movement into EAs, and protect friendly positions and maneuver. 8-58. Depending on the terrain, the most desirable location for the reserve may be on the counterslope or the reverse military crest of the counterslope. The commander takes advantage of the range and flexibility of his fire support weapons to mass fires at critical points, such as obstacles and EAs, to slow and canalize the enemy to provide better targets for direct fire systems. Disengage and withdraw units with the least tactical mobility and nonessential elements prior to the retrograde of the main body. If more enemy troops land and succeed in consolidating, local base and base cluster defense forces and the response force try to fix the enemy force in a chosen location to allow a tactical combat force (TCF) to counterattack. Multiple disengagement lines, one for each system in the defense, may exist. Because the enemy has the initiative, the commander may have to frequently shift his shaping operations to contain the enemy's attack until he can seize the initiative. And, best of all, it is completely free and easy to use. The enemy has the advantage of attacking downhill. The commander uses it in many other circumstances, such as when his unit is bypassed by the enemy or in base and base cluster defense in the rear area. Free Valuable Insights: https://www.kbvresearch.com/manufacturing-operations-management-software-market/. 8-100. The Red Army massed forces in the most threatened areas. These positions increase the defender's survivability by allowing him to engage the enemy from multiple positions. He positions these security elements to observe avenues of approach. 8-49. Normally, the commander's priorities for air defense protection in the defense begin with his C2 facilities. During darkness and periods of reduced visibility, he should strengthen these detachments in size and numbers to provide security against infiltration or surprise attack. This may mean that a unit defends along a narrower frontage than on more open terrain. A subsequent position is a position that a unit expects to move to during the course of battle. Forward Edge of the Battle Area, 8-14. The commander conducts any required reorganization and resupply concurrently with the above activities. The reserve forms a second line of defense behind the perimeter forces. The commander selects his positions based on terrain, enemy capabilities, and friendly capabilities. The commander must be specific and clear in his orders for firing demolitions, emplacing obstacles, and closing lanes. They can then establish service support priorities in accordance with the commander's intent and plan logistics operations to ensure the supportability of the operations. For example, a unit moves to its alternate positions when the enemy brings suppressive fires on the primary position. process where rehearsed operations set conditions that lead to structured occupation of a BSA site. Maintaining observation of the enemy is difficult. The unit adds artificial camouflage when the terrain and natural vegetation are such that natural concealment is not possible. 8-21. Surveillance and target acquisition plans. The commander allocates his air defense assets to protect these locations in accordance with the factors of METT-TC. The area between the BHL and the stationary force belongs to the stationary force commander. Generally, a leader should be centrally located in the unit within the order of march, but may need to maneuver to get to a vantage point that will allow him visibility of the battlefield when required. Additionally, defensive operations are undertaken to gain time, to hold key terrain, to preoccupy the enemy in one area so friendly forces can attack elsewhere, and to erode . The defender can study the ground and select defensive positions that mass the effects of his fires on likely approaches. The enemy may force these operations, or a commander may execute them voluntarily. The stationary commander determines the location of the line. Priorities for replenishment are normally ammunition and materials to construct obstacles and defensive positions. However, airpower's inherent flexibility allows missions and aircraft to shift from defensive to offensive (or vice versa) to adapt to changing conditions in the operational environment. The commander normally employs any reconnaissance assets, such as a scout platoon, outside the perimeter to provide early warning. It only has to destroy the enemy's ability to synchronize his combined arms team or his will to fight. commanders integrate NBC defense, smoke, flame, and recon elements throughout this framework. The commander may choose to shape the battlefield by defending one area to deny terrain to the enemy while delaying in another area to deceive the enemy commander into believing he has achieved success. However, he allocates available reserves to this effort. Early warnings of pending enemy actions ensure the commander time to react to any threat. After committing the initial reserve, the commander must reconstitute another reserve to meet other threats. 8-61. Attritting or fixing the enemy as a prelude to offensive operations. Small-unit leaders must ensure that vehicles do not destroy communication wires when they displace from one position to another. As a technique, the defending force conducts resupply during periods of limited visibility if the commander does not expect the enemy to conduct a limited-visibility attack. Unit leaders must coordinate the nature and extent of their mutual support. ), 8-158. 8-155. The commander ensures that outer perimeter positions have rearward protection from inner perimeter weapons once he establishes the inner perimeter. Type: Main icon - Fires Reference: JP 3-01 Description: Air-naval gunfire liaison (ANGLICO). He positions forces and installations to avoid congestion, but he must not disperse to the extent that he risks defeat in detail by an enemy employing conventional munitions. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation sharing website. 8-113. Using cover, natural or manmade, acts to reduce damage and casualties. The PLAA still maintains that defense is a fundamentally stronger form of warfare than offense, but it acknowledges that many elements of the informationized battlefield have changed the traditional dynamics between attack and defense. Divisions and larger formations normally execute mobile defenses. This mainly involves breaching obstacles and improving combat roads and trails to allow tactical support vehicles to accompany moving combat vehicles. The commander addresses several CSS considerations unique to the defense in his plan. The striking force is a dedicated counterattack force constituting the bulk of available combat power. 8-33. The commander may also have to employ all of his subordinate units on the line formed by the perimeter. This Integrating ITSM To Enhance Service Desk Operations Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Complete Deck With Slides is a primer on how to capitalize on business opportunities through planning, innovation, and market intelligence. 8-132. Within each belt there were large numbers of mutually supporting antitank positions. However, once the enemy detects them, he will attempt to attack them. The enemy force will do everything it can to keep the friendly force from knowing when it is becoming overextended. Troop Leading Procedures/Performance Steps, Privacy Policy | About Us | FAQ | Terms of Service | Disclaimers | Do Not Sell My Personal Information (CA and NV residents). The commander is forced to assume a hasty defense while in contact with or in proximity to the enemy. He must determine how soon follow-on forces can join the fight against an enemy attacking in echelons. 8-82. The ideal candidate will have experience or demonstrated aptitude in operations research, political science, and/or international affairs. Attacking enemy artillery and forward air defense elements. The complexity and fluidity of retrograde operations and the absolute need to synchronize the entire operation dictates the need for detailed, centralized planning and decentralized execution. Deliberate contingency planning for either event greatly assists the transition process and allows the commander to set the conditions necessary for a successful transition. The decisive operation is a counterattack conducted by the striking force. The 307th RD was the corps' second echelon. The higher commander of the force executing the retrograde must approve the retrograde operation before its initiation in either case. He may employ security forces, obstacles, and fires in the area. Perimeter Defense Control Measures. Therefore, the simulation of objects, pieces of equipment, or activities may have military significance. His plans are sufficiently flexible, and he positions his reserve to permit reaction to any threat. Program outcomes vary according to each institutions specific program curriculum. The intent of retrograde operations is to preserve the force as a combat-capable formation until the commander can establish those conditions necessary for a successful defense. Modern bispectral obscurants provide protection from thermal as well as visual viewing devices. The nature of retrograde operations involves an inherent risk of degrading the defending force's morale. 8-73. If so, just upload it to PowerShow.com. This technique generally has the advantage of being more rapidly executed and thus more likely to catch the enemy by surprise. 8-35. In the first technique, he places all of his subordinate units in positions along the perimeter. This provides early warning of enemy air infiltration and allows timely engagement of enemy aerial platforms attempting to insert dismounted reconnaissance, infantry, and antiarmor teams. This tends to reduce the chance for enemy interference with the resupply process but also tends to lengthen the amount of time it takes to complete the process. Armed with an appreciation of the enemy's capability to conduct vertical envelopment, the commander takes steps to counter the threat before they launch, during their movement to the DZ, or at the LZ. The unit should avoid activities that change the appearance of an area or reveal the presence of military equipment. This is a private website that is not affiliated with the U.S. government, U.S. Armed Forces or Department of Veteran Affairs. 8-102. Counterair operations can be conducted across the tactical, operational, and strategic Unit boundaries should not split avenues of approach or key terrain. Inflatable tanks, tents, and buildings can look like the real thing to an aerial observer. Given time and resources, the defending force generally constructs additional obstacle systems to its flanks and rear. Both direct- and indirect- fire weapons can provide FPFs. First, the defending force conducts reconnaissance to gain and maintain contact with the enemy. The commander must integrate the defensive fire and obstacle plans from the beginning. 8-98. The forward edge of the battle area (FEBA) is the foremost limits of a series of areas in which ground combat units are deployed, excluding the areas in which the covering or screening forces are operating, designated to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or the maneuver of units (JP 1-02). How Does My Dad Transfer $15,000 of His GI Bill Benefits to Me? A perimeter defense is oriented in all directions. 8-30. The commander should not overlook the transportation and manpower required in obtaining, moving, and uncrating barrier material and associated obstacle creating munitions, such as demolition charges and mines. In addition to hiding equipment, units can avoid detection by using mud for glassy surfaces and unfilled sandbags over windshields. 8-59. He may place portable obstacles around critical locations within the perimeter during periods of reduced visibility to disrupt the enemy's plan based on visual reconnaissance and add depth to the defense. Mutual support exists when positions and units support each other by direct, indirect, lethal, and nonlethal fire, thus preventing the enemy from attacking one position without being subjected to fire from one or more adjacent positions. Any commander authorized to employ obstacles can designate certain obstacles that are important to his ability to shape the battlefield as high-priority reserve obstacles. They developed their defenses in depth, carefully tying them to the terrain and organizing infantry positions for all-around defense. A defending force typically requires large quantities of Class IV and V material and specialized equipment to construct fighting and survivability positions and obstacles. 8-80. Fire support to destroy, disrupt, and attrit enemy forces on the forward slope. Key to the defense was the construction of those mutually supporting antitank positions, organized for all-around defense, with extensive engineer works to enhance the terrain. Similarly, the commander may order units inadvertently bypassed by the enemy not to break out immediately so that he may capitalize on their position to destroy the enemy. Responsiveness. Another way he can generate the effects of mass is through committing his reserve. Browse for the presentations on every topic that you want. Therefore, the commander positions air defense assets to protect the reserve or striking force, whether it is stationary or moving. If the enemy penetrates the perimeter, the reserve blocks the penetration or counterattacks to restore the perimeter. To accomplish this, the defending force must employ its fire support system throughout its AO.