Stiebs JAWS is 50.4. Dave Siebels With: Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band Maybe he thought that at this point, hed seen it all. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. ", "I tell everyone how pleased I am with the job and how wonderful you all are!! This fall, hell be eligible for the first time as a veterans candidate on the Modern Baseball Committee ballot. And yet he bounded jubilantly to the mound to face the Yankees in the bottom of the ninth. the most among any pitcher. "I didn't like his swing," says Mattick. I ask him how he thinks he stacks up. Search instead in Creative? (Age 21-342d, "After working with Stieb for a day or two, Mark told me Dave already had a better breaking ball than any of our starters. Stieb's name is honored by the Blue Jays in the, Toronto Blue Jays Opening Day starting pitchers, List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders, List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders, "Toronto Blue Jays at Chicago White Sox Box Score, August 24, 1985", "Dave Stieb Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More", "Jays sign Stieb to 11-year deal for $25 million", "Ryan Raburn hits pair of home runs to power Tigers in Toronto", "FedEx Dave Stieb Bobblehead Day is Sun Aug 29 vs. Tigers. Another byproduct of that experience is his approach to the hitters. On August 29, 2010, Stieb threw the ceremonial first pitch at the Rogers Centre, celebrating the 20th anniversary of his no-hitter game, with the anniversary coming four days after the celebration. he says. "All we did," says Mattick, "was try to give him a changeup and work a little on his control. You are the best", "We received a bid prior to you although the $$ were different you pay for what you get and I am so glad we chose Mastercraft Painting" "Professional and attention to detail", Carson City Business License #11-00007495, Nevada State Contractor's License #35106A,
In the shortened 1981 season, he became the first starter in the history of the Toronto franchise to have a winning season11-10. He does all the things a winning pitcher needs to do." He considered calling the whole thing off. Dave Stieb spent parts of 16 seasons in the majors from 1979 through 1998 with 15 of those seasons coming with the Toronto Blue Jays. The best price & superior service & quality", "Your crew did a very professional job. To his opponents he appeared unnecessarily demonstrative. But he, arguably, should also be a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. What a season it was! Dave Stieb's struggle is universal, gut wrenching, and inspiring. Most are close to Stieb's agehe turned 59 on July 22, the day after his Vancouver visitand some are considerably older. Efficient, professional, and timely", "It was nice to know I could trust Jesse with my house and key and not worry about being there. We were asking an awful lot of him. Dave had that feel.". Stieb began as a two-pitch thrower; he has become a four-pitch pitcher who has mastered the changeup and the curve. I realize now how bad all that looked. "I don't think he has any weaknesses," says Baltimore Manager Joe Altobelli. "Mark Newman, our pitching coach then, had watched Dave throw a litle batting practice," Jones says. A mishandled ground ball led to a fifth Yankee run in the sixth. "He was angry," Sportsnet's Stephen Brunt wrote last year, recalling his days covering Stieb in the 1980s. Wouldnt use anyone else! ", "The paint crew was neat, courteous, and professional. Chances are he had not been born when Dave Stieb of the Toronto Blue Jays was one of baseball's elite pitchers, and perhaps its most truculent. You need a ticket. Search Details, 2) Social Media Profiles & More Photo by John Lott. Baseball was one part and this is my new part. My worst problem with the guitar when I first played it, I wanted to play speed metal. In mid-June, he got the call every minor leaguer craves. Before that, he was one of MLB's best pitchers, and made a triumphant return to the mound in 1998 after a five-year hiatus. They're used to throwing to targets. Pat Hentgen told me years ago, he goes, Man, you know how they're using that WAR a lot, that stat? I go, 'Yeah.' Mastercraft is a company with lots of integrity. Dave Stieb weighed 185 lbs (83 kg) when playing. No-Hitters, .avia-section.av-k6v62xgq-c0812a68936ee67ed4883eaa9d35be9b{ Bois and Rubenstein are the greatest documentary makers, ever. [19] After his career in baseball, he has taken up the electric guitar. Leslee Bender's House. "Trustworthy, tidy & clean, professional, attentive to customers concerns and questions. When Mattick and LaMacchia caught Stieb's act he was a .394 hitter for the Salukis en route to a berth on The Sporting News's All-America team. The 65-year-old baseball player was born in California, United States. In his rookie year the right-hander tossed 7 complete games and a shutout while splitting his 16 decisions. READ MORE: How Troy Tulowitzki Made Josh Donaldson a Better Defender. No one, not even Mattick, his discoverer, expected Stieb to progress with such astonishing alacrity through the Totonto system. All his life he had resisted becoming a pitcher, and now he was being told by a top baseball man that his best chance, probably his only chance, of playing in the big leagues would be at that unwanted position. They transform and uplift the medium in a way no one else does. We went through a year every two weeks, one week for discussion (everyone was required to defend all of their votes) one for voting, starting in 2003.. After a short stint with the Chicago White Sox and a six-week run with the Kansas City Royals Triple-A club, Stieb went home to his family. ", A confrontation Stieb had with Martinez early last season helped him see the error of his ways. Dave Stieb didn't become a pitcher until five years ago, but now he's one of the best, 2023 ABG-SI LLC. Find out more. That is just above Don Sutton (50.3) and also above Wynn, Koufax, Ford, Kaat, Lemon, Morris, and Hunter. Stieb is the subject of the 2022 four-part miniseries Captain Ahab: The Story of Dave Stieb, by Secret Base's Jon Bois and Alex Rubenstein; in addition to discussing his career, it advocates for his induction into the National Baseball Hall of Fame based on his accomplishments.[21]. "I was not going to have all the media, who already heard this was happening, a day later go, 'Oh, he's not doing it.' "He comes at you and has good control," says Lachemann. "Eventually, you figured out that he was almost always angry.". In plainer language, he had a temper, one which frequently manifested itself in unseemly displays of petulance on the field. When he was playing in the 1980s, he became interested in real estate through his agent and ever since then has used his savvy to buy and sell residential properties. Or write about sports? Dave Stieb, Kevin Boland 3.21 24 ratings4 reviews This autobiography of one of baseball's most outstanding and controversial personalities features uncensored views on salaries, agents, pitching, life on the road, and the pressures of winning and losing. Every time his team had taken a lead in this long and imperfectly played game, it had found a way to give it back. When you look at his peak seasons, Stiebs case gets much stronger. SUMMARY Career WAR 56.4 W 176 L 137 ERA 3.44 G 443 GS 412 SV 3 IP 2895.1 SO 1669 WHIP 1.245 Dave Stieb Overview They see their boy out there pitching and say, 'Oh boy, isn't that great.' A few years ago, he joined two friends in a construction firm. We are very please and will definitely call Mastercraft if we have needs in the future", "Very easy to work with. During his career, Stieb won 176 games while losing 137. Search their Arrest Records, Driving Records, Contact Information, Photos and More 1) Dave Stieb's Phone & Current Address That would look really bad," he says. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Born in Santa Ana, California, Stieb played varsity baseball at Southern Illinois University[1] as an outfielder.
"How can this happen to me?" | Captain Ahab: The Story of Dave Stieb He is also still underappreciated by the Blue Jays today who, inexplicably, have yet to retire Stiebs number, despite being the best player in franchise history. The Blue Jays, meanwhile, had pecked away at three Yankee pitchers and had gone ahead 6-5 in the ninth. A bobblehead giveaway will feature the likenesses of Stieb, Roy Halladay and Pat Hentgen on the same pedestal. Mattick recalls having heard something about Stieb's pitching, but he and LaMacchia were there to look at him strictly as an outfielder.
Toronto Blue Jays: It's time to retire Dave Stieb's number Dave Stief David P. Stief was American football wide receiver in the National Football League for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Washington Redskins. The first 10,000 fans will receive a Stieb Bobblehead", "Catching up with Blue Jays legend Dave Stieb about his new life and improbable comeback", "How Much Watching Time Do You Have This Weekend? Copyright 2023 Sporting News Holdings Limited. Stieb drew just 1.4 percent, or seven votes, of 506 votes cast in 2004 and that was that. So instead, we talk about his successful, short-lived comeback with the Jays at age 40, and his new career as a building contractor, and his continuing passion for playing heavy-metal guitar. He was an animal, a bulldog-like [workhorse], and wanted to win like no one else. ", Stieb pitched at Triple-A Syracuse in 1998 on his way back to the Blue Jays. MORE: Who will be the first unanimous baseball Hall of Famer? where he ran a construction company and spent much of his time with his family. A clear, bulleted list of tasks and materials is exactly what I want to see. Logos were compiled by the amazing SportsLogos.net. [8] He was awarded a World Series ring after the Blue Jays won their first championship later that year, despite not pitching in the postseason due to injuries. I've always viewed Stieb affectionately. Always on time and Jays helpfulness selecting the final color", "Always a great job by the crew thats why I always call Mastercraft for my painting needs", "History, professionalism, & quality employees", "Employees do their job well and answer any question you may have. Do you have a blog? You do a great job. The old battles are over. Both Kyle & Travis worked quickly the second day", "Jay youre wise & lucky to have a crew like Danny, Travis & Corey", "Employees are always on time, courteous and do a wonderful job. Seattle Manager Rene Lachemann, among many others, considers Stieb the best righthanded pitcher in the league. Great work, timely arrivals", "There was some anxiety that the project did not start on time due to weather, however, it worked out okay even though we were away. The end of Dave Stieb's career was as poetic, fascinating, and shocking as the rest of it. Instead, I watched a ton of baseball and spent the off-seasons reading about baseball.
Dave Stieb - Cooperstown Expert ", Stieb acknowledges that the brush with Martinez was instructive.
Dave Stieb - Society for American Baseball Research Hewent 176-137 with an ERA of 3.44. Gives precise instruction and keeps the workflow moving well. Search Details, Dave Stieb's Contact Info, Social Profiles & More Everyone including office staff was wonderful", "Very pleased with the painting. Hed already done and seen so much. [4] Previously, on September 24 and 30, 1988, Stieb had no-hitters broken up with two outs and two strikes in the top of the ninth inning in two consecutive starts.
How Much Watching Time Do You Have This Weekend? Injuries also played a role in curtailing Stiebs career and preventing him from accumulating more of the counting stats Hall of Fame voters so value. Sorry, the security guard says. It was cold and wet, not a pitcher's night, and because of the shoddy support he'd received, Stieb had already thrown more pitchesnearly 140than he normally does in a complete game. On one hand, Stieb said he wasnt that surprised with the outcome. Dave Stieb played for 2 teams; the Toronto Blue Jays and Chicago White Sox. Ironically, Stieb was not selected to the All-Star squad in '82, thanks to a first half start of 7-10 with a 3.96 ERA. He did not look back until spring training in 1998, when the Jays invited him to Dunedin as a guest instructor. We decided to draft him. If only Stieb gave himself more credit for accomplishing this. Film data from TMDb. That's not a tough pitch to pick up. All rights reserved. 2023 Mastercraft Painting & Decorating, Inc., Rights Reserved. Kyle and Chris were not only the hardest workers we have seen, but were also courteous, on-time every day, and took great pride in their workmanship. For example, Hall of Famer Whitey Ford had a career rWAR of 57.0 in 16 seasons, which is the same amount of seasons as Stieb. It's all in the release, and he had that from the start. Dave Stieb is a building contractor and plays electric guitar. They looked at each other quizzically. The problem, of course, is that Hall of Fame committees dont generally get too deep into the weeds with sabermetrics. Wisdom. Do Pattie and Dave want Andrew to be a fireman or follow in his father's footsteps as a starter? Stieb has other assets. He has good stuff. Only Jack Morris won more games in the 1980s. I also loved the estimate! Stieb entered the league primarily as a power pitcher,[15] relying on a high, inside fastball to strike batters out. They were pretty much real good already in the whole '80s, '80 to '89, whereas we didn't really get good until like '84, '85. His story could not have been told with more care. We hadn't liked him as a hitter, but he sure as hell opened our eyes when he started pitching. It was the third time in two seasons that Stieb had lost a no-hitter with two out in the ninth inning. He was a pitcher now, for certain. Some defensive statistics Copyright Sports Info Solutions, 2010-2023. The next year, when he finished at 12-15, he played in the All Star Game. And last year, says Blue Jay Catcher Buck Martinez, Stieb realized, perhaps for the first time, "that he could win when he did not have good stuff. Didnt forget any part of the job. All I had to worry about was myself. You forget how young he is. I try my damndest now not to let any runs score as the result of an error. Search Details, Dave Stieb's Phone #, Address & More
Dave Stieb Net Worth 2023: Money, Salary, Bio - CelebsMoney By Wins Above Average, the chasm between Stieb and Morris in the 80s is even wider: 28.1, best in the decade for Stieb; 9.0, 31st-best for Morris. "He was shaking his head yes before I said a word. I love how the exterior of the house and cabinets turned out", "We will never call anyone in the future but Mastercraft!" Dave Steib remains the Toronto Blue Jays all-time leader in many pitching categories The Toronto Blue Jays selected Dave Stieb in the 5th round of the MLB draft in 1978. "I'd just settled into an apartment in Syracuse after I moved to Triple A when they called me up. Photos by John Lott. Morris had the most wins, but Stieb had the lower ERA and he wasn't even close to me, I think. But I was good. It defined me then, not now.'". Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. Asked to assess the Hall of Fame chances of good friend and fellow 80s aceBret Saberhagen, Stieb pulled up Baseball-Reference.com. Addressed my concerns in a prompt manner", "Jesse did a great job! HE HAD NOT. Sometimes when Stieb pitched, it did not look like he was having fun. . "Ive always said they come to work in white uniforms & at the end of the job they still have white uniforms and somehow all the painting or work is finished", "I cant say enough Thanks. And they'd been disappointed. 2/2: In January 1987, Dave Stieb was coming off his worst season, in stark contrast to having won the ERA title in 1985. So it was exciting again, and it was cool to do that at 40 years old. Showing Editorial results for dave stieb. We're interested now in developing the total man.". His enthusiasm was scarcely diminished at breakfast the next morning. We would not hesitate to absolutely recommend this outstanding company for all your painting needs. Search Details, View Dave's Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, dave****@gmail, View Dave's Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, dave****@yahoo, View Dave's Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, dave****@hotmail, View Dave's Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, dave****@aol, View Dave's Profiles on Facebook and 60+ Networks, dave****@outlook. Stieb, who was known for his devastating slider, was the ace for the Blue Jays in the 1980s, and in the 80s, he won 140 games, which is only second to Hall of Famer (and Stieb's 1992 Blue Jays teammate) Jack Morris. As of 2023, Dave Stieb's net worth is $100,000 - $1M. Stieb pitches quickly, partly because of his restless nature, partly because the fast pace upsets many hitters and partly because his fielders stay more alert when the game is moving along briskly. Im very happy with the quality of the work and professionalism of John, Colt & Mike", "An absolutely wonderful job quick, clean, professional and amazingly through! He has come so far in such a short time. A few have brought their grandkids. Sport as a metaphor for life has been a common theme in Bois documentaries, and here it never is contrived. The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball, Did not play in major or minor leagues (Did Not Play), Salaries may not be complete (especially pre-1985) and may not include some earned bonuses, Note, this is done in an automated way, so we apologize for any errors, & please. David Andrew Stieb ( / stib /; born July 22, 1957) is a former Major League Baseball right-handed starting pitcher for the Toronto Blue Jays. MORE: Lou Whitaker on Cooperstown snub: 'I didn't even get daylight', I surely did not deserve to be just wiped off the map after the first-year ballot, Stieb said. He is bright and well spoken, if somewhat reticent. ", "Keep doing what you are doing.
Injuries ended the first 15 years of his career in 1993. Who he was: Dave Stieb made his only appearance on the writers' ballot for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2004. Stieb appeared in seven All-Star games, also a Blue Jays team record. ", "You guys are great. The brushback pitch was an integral part of his repertoire to back batters off the plate,[16] and was especially tough on right-handed hitters in this respect. The merging of Reno Building and Boyd Construction Company is a transformational moment that unites two highly-respected and complementary companies Learn More. Past history made LaMonte urge Stieb to make peace with Toronto. I wrote this then: Stieb was a magnificent pitcher, a tragic hero, a lone wolf whose intensity could be as intimidating as his slider, a surly sort who alienated many a writer and some teammates as well He hated to give in to a batter or a writer. Stieb lacked his old velocity, but his sinker was sinking and his slider was breaking. We present them here for purely educational purposes. On the days when his slider was diving and his fastball was crackling, his stuff might have been better than anybody's. He was an awesome pitcher, Stieb said.
Captain Ahab: The Story of Dave Stieb - letterboxd.com It's that tightness that makes him such a great pitcher. Dave Stieb was one of the best pitchers in baseball in the 1980s and he played for the Toronto Blue Jays for parts of 15 seasons. "All he's got on me is two Cy Youngs and a World Series that he actually pitched in, Stieb said. He has one of the great hidden pitching primes in MLB history. "I feel like I was good," he says. Watch. You even used the high-quality paint I wanted :o) You are well-worth the money in every way", "On time, very professional, everyone comments on how perfect and detailed the job is and how quickly it was completed. But his fierce intensity was also the engine of his success. Portfolio. He insists he does not compare himself to the others. [9] But arguably his best pitch was his slider that had a late and very sharp break, especially difficult for right-handed batters to handle. We will be calling again for more service", "Your team is sensitive to doing the job right and leaving a quality project", "You do excellent work. Some high school data is courtesy David McWater. A Saluki starter was injured. Dave Stieb on Hall of Fame: 'I surely did not deserve to be just wiped off the map', Lou Whitaker on Cooperstown snub: 'I didn't even get daylight', Meet the top seven candidates for the 2018 Hall of Fame class. ", "You and your crew are far superior to any other repair people or workers weve had in the past", "You were very professional, very fair in your bid and the house looks excellent", "You did what you said you would do and you did it well, and did it for the price quoted. The once-prickly pitcher is not angry any more. A dropped fly ball in the second inning had given the Yankees four unearned runs. Dave Stieb had hall of fame stuff. 14,202nd in major league history) He struck out against Bruce Sutter. ", "Was very impressed with how neat the guys were. He ended up winning 158 games in the 1980s, which was. He had such a desire to excel. Keep up the excellent work! It sounds stupid, even admitting that.". Kyle is impressive, Danny is fantastic. High School: Oak Grove HS (San Jose, CA), Schools: San Jose City College (San Jose, CA), Southern Illinois University Carbondale (Carbondale, IL), Debut:
He had an ERA+ of 122 and a FIP of 3.82. Shows how smart we were. And by that time, he had mellowed. Join our linker program. His older brother, Steve, was a catcher in the Atlanta Braves system for three seasons, batting .217 as a professional and never reaching above Double-A ball.
Dave Stieb Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images He may throw as many as 20 changeups in a game. Very efficient & skilled", "They give you an honest appraisal and you are not hit with any up charges from their estimate unless they tell you first". Stieb told Butera he was crazy. How easy you made the project and what a perfect job you did", "Keep doing what you are doing! Stieb says with a smile. He is ahead of Hall of Famers Don Drysdale, Warren Spahn, Lemon, Tom Glavine, Gaylord Perry, Phil Niekro, Steve Carlton, Ferguson Jenkins, Jim Bunning, Robin Roberts, and many others. "The biggest thing to look at is the kind of team he was on (the Detroit Tigers) and the kind of team I was on, Stieb said. We would not hesitate to absolutely recommend this outstanding company for all your painting needs. Mastercraft does a very professional job. Despite all of that, Stieb received seven votes (or 1.4 percent) on his first and only time on the BBWAA ballot in 2006. In the next one he'll be a . Letterboxd Limited.
David Stieb - Address & Phone Number | Whitepages So I never got really, really good, but I can play some stuff and do the rhythm and stuff like that. Stieb looked at some of Saberhagens other accomplishments. They did a commendable job of surface preparation, applying primer, sealer and paint. (Photo by Focus on Sport/Getty Images). Phoenix, AZ 85004 If I keep doing this, it can only get better,'" he says. In the first half of the season, he couldn't make his slider work at all. Other statistics attest to this as well. He's such a high-strung kid, I realized that what he was really doing was criticizing himself. Dave apologized to me for that incident and that sort of thing has never happened again. Dave Stieb's struggle is universal, gut wrenching, and inspiring. Stieb had a high-strung personality and was known as a fierce competitor on the mound; he was regularly seen having animated conversations with himself during pitches when in difficult situations. I'm all self-taught from friends and books. In Vancouver, we do not talk about any of that, nor about his remarkable career: the 175 wins in 15 seasons as a Blue Jay, the 3.24 ERA over his 11-year prime, the year he logged 288 1/3 innings and 19 complete games, his no-hitter and the three that got away with two outs and two strikes in the ninth inning. He is known for being a Baseball Player. A rapt audience of players and coaches gathered. Last year, according to Toronto Pitching Coach Al Widmar, Stieb threw fewer than 110 pitches in 10 games and fewer than 100 in six. Stieb hit only .192 in 35 games for Dunedin that rookie summer, but he was 2-0 with a 2.08 ERA in 26 innings. "You can't look for one pitch with him," said Cleveland's Andre Thornton after Stieb beat the Indians 4-1 last month. Stieb and Canzano talked about pitching at a high level in Major League Baseball. Definitely will recommend to others", "You have a marvelous and skilled crew. More at By continuing to use our site, you consent to the placement of cookies on your browser and agree to the terms of our Privacy Policy. In the past I have always prefaced my Jon Bois reviews by saying I don't even like baseball, I don't even watch football. Dave Stieb's House (Google Maps). Stieb came to the Instructional League with two pitches, a "heavy" fastball that naturally dropped and a slider developed for him by Newman at Southern Illinois and polished by Toronto's minor league pitching instructor, Bob Humphreys. With all the mistakes leading to runs, it's a testing type of circumstance, a challenge." He was underappreciated when he played as he, arguably, should have won three or even four AL Cy Young Awards while with the Blue Jays in the early- to mid-1980s. View David Stieb results including current phone number, address, relatives, background check report, and property record with Whitepages. Dave Stieb is seen by many as the best pitcher in baseball throughout much of the 1980's. Jays fans certainly know Stieb as the first real star and the cornerstone of a new franchise around whom the 1992 World Championship team was built. Friendly, polite and professional attitude. Then he thought of his old adversaries in the press corps. Stucco, skylights, kitchen islands, walk-in closets. Posters are sourced from TMDb and Posteritati, and appear for you and visitors to your profile and content, depending on settings. He had that good slider. Stieb's autobiography, Tomorrow I'll Be Perfect, was co-written with Kevin Boland and released in 1986. Ward@wardconst.com. After 20 minutes, professional courtesy dictates that I end the session, or so I presume. He appreciated the chance to close the circle. Dave Stieb's struggle is universal, gut wrenching, and inspiring. "I was almost naive enough to think, 'Oh, if I just say yes, I'll be on the big-league team.' I couldnt be happier with the outcome! He'd been pressed into duty earlier in the college season as an emergency pitcher by Southern Illinois Coach Richard (Itchy) Jones. He's also so tight he makes it hard on himself. IMDb Hall of Fame voting can be brutal in this regard, with numerous fine one-and-done candidates from Stieb to Bobby Grich to Ted Simmons and many others. David Andrew Stieb was born on July 22, 1957, in Santa Ana, California. Lisa is great! Stieb played for the Blue Jays from 1979-92. They were prepared to write the prospect off whenwhat's going on here?he came in to pitch. It is just too bad they dont pave driveways, repair roofs, and do landscaping! Stiebs WAR7 (or WAR in his best seven seasons) was 44.5, which is tied for 66th all-time among starters. ", "Dave is the most intense person I've ever met," says his agent. Again, Thank you", "Quick accurate bid, finish on time, excellent quality work, nice painters", "I was especially pleased with how much pride your company takes in its work", "Very impressed on time, cleaned up very nicely, efficient. Pete and Pat didn't picture Dave as a pitcher. Genres Baseball 167 pages, Hardcover First published January 1, 1986 Book details & editions
They also discussed Stieb's current business endeavor as a contractor in Reno, Nev. Stieb talked about. Both Lemon, a Hall of Famer who won 207 games for Cleveland in his 13 seasons, and Walters, who won 198 games for Philadelphia and Cincinnati in 16 pitching seasons, had been big league third basemen whose throws had such a bewilderingly natural break that protests from their first basemen may have hastened their conversion.